Illness, previously consumed food and beverages, environmental temperature, and stress levels can affect one's overall energy expenditure as well as one's BMR. But anaerobic exercise does increase resting energy consumption (see ' aerobic vs. Aerobic (resistance) fitness level, a product of cardiovascular exercise, while previously thought to have effect on BMR, has been shown in the 1990s not to correlate with BMR when adjusted for fat-free body mass. Increasing muscle mass has the effect of increasing BMR. BMR generally decreases with age, and with the decrease in lean body mass (as may happen with aging). The body's generation of heat is known as thermogenesis and it can be measured to determine the amount of energy expended. In humans, BMR typically declines by 1–2% per decade after age 20, mostly due to loss of fat-free mass, although the variability between individuals is high. The basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the daily calorie expenditure by individuals. Basal metabolic rate affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether that individual maintains, gains, or loses weight. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy per unit of time that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Metabolism comprises the processes that the body needs to function. This makes BMR a variant of standard metabolic rate measurement that excludes the temperature data, a practice that has led to problems in defining 'standard' rates of metabolism for many mammals. It follows the same criteria as BMR, but requires the documentation of the temperature at which the metabolic rate was measured. In bradymetabolic animals, such as fish and reptiles, the equivalent term standard metabolic rate ( SMR) applies. These criteria include being in a physically and psychologically undisturbed state and being in a thermally neutral environment while in the post- absorptive state (i.e., not actively digesting food). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met. It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O 2/min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h Rate of energy expenditure by an endotherm at restīasal metabolic rate ( BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.

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